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out in history。
旁白:韩国当时正要准备不履行他们从日本和西方银行所得的贷款。迫于它们各自政府的压力,这些银行同意分担部分痛苦:延期还款安排。韩国从而度过历史上最大的难关。
Onscreen caption: Korea received 55 billion in new loans and credits。
字幕:韩国收到了550亿美元的新贷款和信贷。
LEE HSIEN LOONG: If they had done that in Thailand; I think that they would have not only avoided some economic problems; but I think that a sense in Southeast Asia that the Americans were really on the side of putting things right would have been stronger。
李显龙:如果他们在泰国这样做,我认为他们不仅可以避免一些经济难题,而且我认为,在东南亚认为美国人确实是要解决问题的看###强烈得多。
Chapter 13: Russia Defaults '2:31'
第十三章: 俄罗斯不履行还款义务
WILLIAM McDONOUGH; President; Federal Reserve Bank of New York: Then a very; very strange thing happened。 From about the first of February until the beginning of August; there was a period in which financial markets essentially decided that risk didnt exist anywhere。
WILLIAM McDONOUGH,纽约联邦储备银行行长:当时一个非常非常奇怪的事情发生了。大约从二月一号直到八月初,有这样一个时期,各资本市场认为风险是全然不存在的。
Onscreen caption: Moscow; August 1998
字幕:莫斯科,1998年8月
NARRATOR: Markets thought contagion had been contained in Asia。 Investment flowed elsewhere。 Some came to Russia; where the Moscow stock market was the best performing in the world。 But economic reforms had stalled; and Russia was heavily in debt。 Even so; investors were convinced theyd found an emerging market that couldnt fail。
旁白:各个市场均认为这一恶性影响已被遏制在亚洲。投资流向其他地区。有些流入俄罗斯。当时的莫斯科股票市场在世界上表现最好。但是,经济改革已经停止了,而且俄罗斯负债累累。尽管如此,投资者们坚信他们找到了一个新兴的,不会失败的市场。
WILLIAM McDONOUGH: Investors had decided Russia is an ex…superpower; it has lots of missiles and lots of atomic warheads …… certainly you could not have a financial accident in Russia; because the rest of the world; the rich countries; would bail Russia out。 Well; it turned out that that was wrong。
WILLIAM McDONOUGH:投资者们认为俄罗斯是一个前超级大国,它有很多导弹和核弹头——当然你不可能在俄罗斯有金融事故,因为世界其他国家,那些发达国家,会帮助俄罗斯度过难关的。然而,结果是他们想错了。
NARRATOR: Russia defaulted on its debt。 Its currency plummeted。 Global investors were stunned。
旁白:俄罗斯不能履行它的还款义务。它的货币大大地贬值。全球的投资者被震惊了。
WILLIAM McDONOUGH: All these people who in the previous seven months had decided there was no risk anywhere literally panicked and decided theres got to be massive risk everywhere。 Behind each fence and barnyard wall there must be a risk that we hadnt though of; you know; like the redcoats retreating from Lexington。
WILLIAM McDONOUGH:所有那些在前七个月中认为风险实际根本不存在的人恐慌了, 并认为巨大的风险无处不在。在每一个篱笆和空场围墙的后面肯定会有一个我们没有想到的风险,你知道,就象当年红衣军团撤出莱克星顿一样。
NARRATOR: Everywhere; markets were freezing up。 The economic crisis seemed to have taken on a life of its own。
旁白:世界各地,市场都停滞不前了。经济危机似乎开始了它自己的一个生命周期。
ROBERT RUBIN: I thought at the time that I had a pretty good sense of what was going on。 But what I didnt know; and nobody could possibly have known; was not what was going on at the moment that you were looking at; but what was going to happen at the next moment。
罗伯特。鲁宾:当时,我以为我挺了解发生了什么事。但是,我当时不知道的,而且没有人可能知道的并不是当时在发生的事情,而是再往后要发生什么事情了。
RICHARD GEPHARDT; Democratic Leader; : When you get in a room with both Alan Greenspan and Robert Rubin and they say theyre scared to death; and theyve never seen anything like this; and theyre worried about whether they can get through it; I get worried; because they know a heck of a lot more about it than I do。 You had the contagion sweeping across the developing countries。 As Rubin said; wed never seen that before。 I mean; maybe in the Depression they saw that over a period of time; but nothing happened that quickly。
RICHARD GEPHARDT,美国众议院的民主党领袖:如果你与格林斯潘和罗伯特。鲁宾来到同一个房间,而他们说他们快要吓死了,他们从没见过这样的事,而且他们担心他们能否扛过去,我就紧张了,因为他们对此的了解比我多得多。危机的影响席卷了所有发展中国家。正如鲁宾所说,我们以前从来没有见过这样的事情。我是说,也许在大萧条时他们在某一时期看到了这种情况,但是,绝没有发生得这么快。
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Chapter 14: The Crisis Reaches America '7:07'
第十四章: 危机波及了美国
NARRATOR: Now the crisis had reached America。 A little…known but powerful private investment fund was on the brink of bankruptcy。
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