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nHisSeventiethBirthday
乔治·萧伯纳
GeorgeBernardShaw
乔治·萧伯纳(1856—1950),爱尔兰作家、戏剧家和政论家,出身于都柏林一个公务员之家,曾当过抄写员、会计,赴伦敦后开始从事创作。1925年获诺贝尔文学奖,他的主要作品有《巴巴拉上校》《苹果车》《圣女贞德》等。
AceintheHole
Understandthesenewwordsbeforeyoureadthisarticle。
1。constitutionaladj。宪法规定的,合乎宪法的;宪法的;体质上的,生来的
2。comromisen。妥协,折中方法
3。caitalismn.资本主义(制度);资本(或财富)的拥有;资本(私人占有和生产盈利)的支配地位
4。romulgatev。宣扬(某事物);传播;公布,颁布(法令、新法律等)
5。absurdityn。极端无理性,悖理;荒谬;谬论;荒谬的行为
Oflateyearstheublichavebeentryingtotacklemeineverywaytheyossiblycan,andfailingtomakeanythingofittheyhaveturnedtotreatingmeasagreatman。Thisisadreadfulfatetoovertakeanybody。Therehasbeenadistinctattemttodoitagainnow,andforthatreasonIabsolutelydeclinetosayanythingaboutthecelebrationofmyseventiethbirthday。ButwhentheLaborParty,myoldfriendstheLaborParty,invitedmehere,IknewthatIshouldbeallright。
Now,however,wehavebuiltuaConstitutionalParty。Wehavebuiltituonasocialisticbasis。Myfriend,Mr。SidneyWebb,Mr。MacdonaldandmyselfsaiddefinitelyatthebeginningthatwhatwehadgottodowastomaketheSocialistPartyaconstitutionalartytowhichanyresectableGod-fearingmancouldbelongwithouttheslightestcomromiseofhisresectability。WegotridofallthosetraditionsthatiswhyGovernmentsintheresentdayaremoreafraidofusthantheywereofanyoftheRadicaleole。
Ourositionisaerfectlysimleoneandwehavethegreatadvantageofunderstandingourosition。Weoosesocialismtocaitalism。
Accordingtothecaitalists,therewillbeaguaranteetotheworldthateverymaninthecountrywouldgetajob。Theydidn’tcontenditwouldbeawell-aidjob,becauseifitwaswellaidamanwouldsaveuenoughoneweektostoworkingthenextweek,andtheyweredeterminedtokeeamanworkingthewholetimeonabaresubsistencewage—and,ontheotherhand,divideanaccumulationofcaital。
Theysaidcaitalismnotonlysecuredthisfortheworkingman,but,byinsuringfabulouswealthinthehandsofasmallclassofeole,theywouldsavemoneywhethertheylikeditornotandwouldhavetoinvestit。Thatiscaitalism,andthisGovernmentisalwaysinterferingwithcaitalism。Insteadofgivingamanajoborlettinghimstarvetheyaregivinghimdolesaftermakingsurehehasaidforthemfirst。Theyaregivingcaitalistssubsidiesandmakingallsortsofregulationsthatarebreakingutheirownsystem。Allthetimetheyaredoingit,andwearetellingthemitisbreakingu,theydon’tunderstand。
Wesayincriticismofcaitalism:Yoursystemhasneverketitsromisesforonesingledaysinceitwasromulgated。Ourroductionisridiculous。Weareroducingeightyhorseowermotorcarswhenmanymorehousesshouldbebuilt。Weareroducingmostextravagantluxurieswhilechildrenstarve。Youhavestoodroductiononitshead。Insteadofbeginningwiththethingsthenationneedsmost,youarebeginningatjusttheoositeend。Wesaydistributionhasbecomesoglaringlyridiculousthatthereareonlytwoeoleoutoftheforty-sevenmillioneoleinthiscountrywhoaroveoftheresentsystemofdistributiononeistheDukeofNorthumberlandandtheotherisLordBanbury。
Weareoosedtothattheory。Socialism,whichiserfectlyclearandunmistakable,saysthethingyouhavegottotakecareofisyourdistribution。Wehavetobeginwiththat,andrivateroerty,ifitstandsinthewayofgooddistribution,hasgottogo。
Amanwhoholdsublicroertymustholditontheub1icconditiononwhich,forinstance,Icarrymywalkingstick。IamnotallowedtodowhatIlikewithit。Imustnotknockyouontheheadwithit。Wesaythatifdistributiongoeswrong,everythingelsegoeswrong—religion,morals,government。Andwesay,therefore(thisisthewholemeaningofoursocialism),wemustbeginwithdistributionandtakeallthenecessarystes。
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